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City of Berlin —  City  — Seal Nickname(s): The City That Trees Built, Paper City, Hockey Town USA Location within New Hampshire Coordinates: 44°28′07″N 71°11′02″W / 44.46861°N 71.18389°W / 44.46861; -71.18389Coordinates: 44°28′07″N 71°11′02″W / 44.46861°N 71.18389°W / 44.46861; -71.18389 Country United States State New Hampshire County Coos Incorporated Town 1829 City 1897 Government  - Mayor Paul Grenier  - City Council Ryan K Landry Lucie Remillard Robert Danderson Thomas F. McCue Mark Evans Michael Rozek David Poulin Timothy Cayer Area  - Total 62.5 sq mi (161.9 km2)  - Land 61.7 sq mi (159.8 km2)  - Water 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2) Elevation 1,020 ft (311 m) Population (2010)  - Total 10,051  - Density 160.8/sq mi (62.1/km2) Time zone EST (UTC-5)  - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4) ZIP code 03570 Area code(s) 603 FIPS code 33-05140 GNIS feature ID 0871491 Website www.berlinnh.gov Berlin ( /ˈbɜrlɪn/) is a city along the Androscoggin River in Coos County in northern New Hampshire, United States. The population was 10,051 at the 2010 census.[1] It includes the village of Cascade. Located on the edge of the White Mountains, the city's boundaries extend into the White Mountain National Forest. Berlin is home to Northern Forest Heritage Park, the Berlin Fish Hatchery, and the White Mountains Community College, a member of the Community College System of New Hampshire. Berlin is the principal city of the Berlin Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Coos County, New Hampshire and Essex County, Vermont. Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 3 Demographics 4 Notable inhabitants 5 Education 5.1 Public schools 5.2 Higher education 6 Media 6.1 Radio stations 7 Newspaper 8 Sites of interest 9 References 10 External links History International Paper Mill, c. 1912 Green's pond, c. 1800's First granted in 1771 by Colonial Governor John Wentworth, the town was named Maynesborough Plantation after Sir William Mayne, a West Indies trader. But the grantees did not take up their claims, which disappeared with the Revolution. Instead, Maynesborough was settled in 1781-1782 by William Sessions and others from Maine. Farming was the first industry. With 65 inhabitants in 1829, the New England town was reincorporated as Berlin by Thomas Wheeler, a selectman formerly of Berlin, Massachusetts. Situated in a heavily forested region, the community developed early into a center for logging and wood industries. Falls on the Androscoggin River provided water power for sawmills. In 1821, a road was built to Gorham, and in 1851 the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad entered Berlin. Acquiring water, timber and rail rights in the early 1850s, the H. Winslow & Company built a large sawmill at the head of Berlin Falls. In 1868, William Wentworth Brown and Lewis T. Brown bought a controlling interest in the business and changed its name to the Berlin Mills Company. By 1885, the mill town was home to several lumber, pulp and paper mills, including the Forest Fibre Company and White Mountain Pulp & Paper Company. Because of the need for labor, immigrants arrived from Italy, Norway, Sweden, Russia and Ireland. Many others were French Canadians from nearby Quebec. Today, 35% still speak Canadian French at home.[citation needed] In 1882, a group of Scandinavians founded here the nation's first ski club, which would be named Nansen Ski Club in honor of Fridtjof Nansen, who in 1888 skied across Greenland. In 1897, Berlin was incorporated as a city, the northernmost in the state. The wood and paper industries, however, have been in a long decline. In 1917, the Berlin Mills Company was renamed the Brown Company, which went into receivership during the Great Depression. It survived with governmental help, and was bought and sold several times after World War II. American Tissue filed for bankruptcy in 2001, before which it had stopped paying city taxes. Its facilities were purchased in 2002 by Fraser Papers of Canada. But in March 2006, Fraser Papers announced the closing of Berlin's pulp mill. On May 6, 2006, 250 employees were displaced, some moving to Cascade's paper finishing mill, but most were left unemployed.[2] The North American Dismantling Corporation of Michigan announced on October 3, 2006, that it had bought the 121-acre (49 ha) defunct pulp mill site of Fraser Paper, and would spend a year demolishing the property to allow redevelopment.[3] Laidlaw Energy LLC has since purchased a portion of the former Fraser property, including a large recovery boiler which it intends to convert into a 66 megawatt biomass plant in 2010-2011.[4] Recent economic development has focused on the correctional industry, with the 750 bed Northern New Hampshire Correctional Facility built in 1999 and employing approximately 200 people. In fall 2010 the Federal Bureau of Prisons plans on opening a 1200 bed medium security facility which will employ approximately 350 people. Main Street c. 1912 Mount Forest c. 1912 Main Street in 1914 Post Office Square c. 1914 City Hall in 1916 Gem Theatre in 1917 General View c. 1920 Repairing steeple of the Russian church, c. 1974 General View c. 2007 Main Street South in 2007 Fall foliage - Berlin, NH 2006 Grand Trunk Railroad 2007 Berlin waterfront, 2007 Geography Berlin is located at 44°28′07″N 71°11′02″W / 44.46861°N 71.18389°W / 44.46861; -71.18389 (44.4686, -71.1839).[5] Berlin is located in northern New Hampshire, north of the White Mountains. The city is bordered to the south by Randolph and Gorham, north by Milan, east by Success and west by Kilkenny. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62.5 square miles (161.9 km2), of which 61.7 sq mi (159.8 km2) is land and 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2) is water, comprising 1.17% of the town. Berlin is situated at the confluence of the Androscoggin and Dead rivers. The Mahoosuc Range is to the southeast. Jericho Mountain State Park, created from a city park and from private land in 2005, is west of the city center and features a reservoir created in the 1970s and a network of ATV trails. The city's highest point is Mount Weeks, at 3,901 feet (1,189 m) above sea level. Approximately half of Berlin lies within the Connecticut River watershed, and half lies in the Androscoggin River watershed.[6] Climate Climate data for Berlin, New Hampshire Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 67 (19.4) 65 (18.3) 80 (26.7) 89 (31.7) 94 (34.4) 97 (36.1) 98 (36.7) 97 (36.1) 95 (35) 87 (30.6) 77 (25) 68 (20) 98 (36.7) Average high °F (°C) 26.1 (-3.28) 29.6 (-1.33) 38.9 (3.83) 51.2 (10.67) 65.4 (18.56) 73.7 (23.17) 78.1 (25.61) 76.2 (24.56) 67.5 (19.72) 55.7 (13.17) 42.7 (5.94) 30.9 (-0.61) 53 (11.667) Average low °F (°C) 4.0 (-15.56) 6.4 (-14.22) 17.1 (-8.28) 30.0 (-1.11) 40.8 (4.89) 50.4 (10.22) 54.7 (12.61) 52.7 (11.5) 44.2 (6.78) 34.1 (1.17) 25.8 (-3.44) 11.9 (-11.17) 31.01 (-0.551) Record low °F (°C) -35 (-37.2) -39 (-39.4) -29 (-33.9) -1 (-18.3) 18 (-7.8) 29 (-1.7) 34 (1.1) 32 (0) 20 (-6.7) 0 (-17.8) -13 (-25) -41 (-40.6) -41 (-40.6) Precipitation inches (mm) 2.82 (71.6) 2.18 (55.4) 2.86 (72.6) 3.22 (81.8) 3.46 (87.9) 3.96 (100.6) 3.70 (94) 4.01 (101.9) 3.59 (91.2) 4.04 (102.6) 3.64 (92.5) 2.98 (75.7) 40.46 (1,027.7) Snowfall inches (cm) 18.0 (45.7) 16.7 (42.4) 16.0 (40.6) 5.5 (14) trace 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) trace 0.2 (0.5) 4.9 (12.4) 18.4 (46.7) 79.7 (202.4) Source: NOAA [7] Demographics Historical populations Census Pop. %± 1830 73 — 1840 116 58.9% 1850 173 49.1% 1860 433 150.3% 1870 529 22.2% 1880 1,144 116.3% 1890 3,729 226.0% 1900 8,886 138.3% 1910 11,780 32.6% 1920 16,104 36.7% 1930 20,018 24.3% 1940 19,084 −4.7% 1950 16,615 −12.9% 1960 17,821 7.3% 1970 15,256 −14.4% 1980 13,084 −14.2% 1990 11,824 −9.6% 2000 10,331 −12.6% 2010 10,051 −2.7% As of the census[8] of 2010, there were 10,051 people residing in the city. The population density was 160.8 people per square mile (62.1/km²). There were 4,910 housing units at an average density of 78.6 per square mile (30.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.54% White, 0.81% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population. The population of Berlin rose rapidly from 1880 through 1930. The fastest growth more than doubled the population between 1890 and 1900. A slow decline began after 1930, interrupted only by a temporary increase around 1960. First ancestries of Berlin residents, 2000[9] Ancestry Total Respondents 9,079 Percentage of Total Respondents   French Canadian 3,937 43.4%   French 1,817 20.0%   American 673 7.4% Total 6,427 70.8% Notable inhabitants Michael Durant, US Army Night Stalkers pilot shot down and held prisoner after the Battle of Mogadishu[10] George Hawkins, the victim of a bad skin graft that led to the celebrated "Hairy Hand" case of Hawkins v. McGee[citation needed] Earl Silas Tupper (1907–1983), inventor of Tupperware Bob Whitcher, Major League baseball pitcher Education Public schools Public education is managed by Berlin Public Schools: Berlin High School (Grades 9 through 12) Berlin Junior High School (Grades 6 through 8) Hillside Elementary School (Grades 3 through 6) Brown Elementary School (Grades K through 2) Higher education White Mountains Community College (member of the Community College System of New Hampshire) Granite State College Media Radio stations WMOU 1210 AM- Oldies WPKQ 103.7 FM- Country (simulcast of WOKQ) Newspaper The Berlin Daily Sun The Berlin Reporter Sites of interest Moffett House Museum Northern Forest Heritage Park References ^ United States Census Bureau, American FactFinder, 2010 Census figures. Retrieved March 23, 2011. ^ State of New Hampshire (2006-03-07). "Governor Lynch Pledges Full State Support For Employees of Berlin Pulp Mill". Archived from the original on 2008-06-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080612104817/http://www.nh.gov/governor/news/2006/030706berlin.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-20.  ^ [crisplaw.com/documents/TheBerlinDailySunarticle.doc "Berlin Daily Sun"] (DOC). The Berlin Daily Sun. 2006-10-03. crisplaw.com/documents/TheBerlinDailySunarticle.doc. Retrieved 2008-01-20.  ^ Reuters (2009-01-05). "Laidlaw Completes Acquisition of Berlin, New Hampshire Pulp Mill Facility and Closes Related Financing for 66 Megawatt Biomass Energy Project". http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS92179+05-Jan-2009+BW20090105.  ^ "The National Map". U.S. Geological Survey. http://msrmaps.com/map.aspx?t=2&s=12&lon=-71.1839&lat=44.4686&w=600&h=400. Retrieved 2008-06-09.  ^ Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; and Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey. http://nh.water.usgs.gov/Publications/nh.intro.html.  ^ "Climatography of the United States No. 20". NOAA. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/nh/270690.pdf. Retrieved March 5, 2011.  ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.  ^ US Census Bureau, « Population Group: French Canadian, French, American, etc., in Berlin, New Hampshire, census 2000 ^ "ACSC GOE: Michael J. Durant 2005 Biography". Archived from the original on 2007-11-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20071126083736/http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eagle_bios/2005/durant_2005.html. Retrieved 2008-01-20.  External links Franco-Americans portal City of Berlin official website BerlinNH.net, community informational website and blog New Hampshire Economic & Labor Market Information Bureau Profile "Berlin New Hampshire History" at weebly.com Video - NADC Purchases Pulp Mill in Berlin, New Hampshire Beyond Brown Paper, the photo archives of the Brown Company covering 1885 through 1965 v · d · eMunicipalities and communities of Coös County, New Hampshire County seat: Lancaster City Berlin Towns Carroll | Clarksville | Colebrook | Columbia | Dalton | Dummer | Errol | Gorham | Jefferson | Lancaster | Milan | Northumberland | Pittsburg | Randolph | Shelburne | Stark | Stewartstown | Stratford | Whitefield Townships Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant | Bean's Grant | Bean's Purchase | Cambridge | Chandler's Purchase | Crawford's Purchase | Cutt's Grant | Dix's Grant | Dixville | Erving's Location | Green's Grant | Hadley's Purchase | Kilkenny | Low and Burbank's Grant | Martin's Location | Millsfield | Odell | Pinkham's Grant | Sargent's Purchase | Second College Grant | Success | Thompson and Meserve's Purchase | Wentworth's Location Villages Bretton Woods | Cascade | Dixville Notch | Groveton | Twin Mountain | West Stewartstown v · d · e State of New Hampshire Concord (capital) Topics History | Geography | People | Government | Delegations | Constitution | General Court | Executive Council | Governor | Supreme Court | Elections | Visitor attractions Regions Dartmouth‑Lake Sunapee | Great North Woods | Lakes Region | Merrimack Valley | Monadnock | Seacoast | White Mountains Counties Belknap | Carroll | Cheshire | Coös | Grafton | Hillsborough | Merrimack | Rockingham | Strafford | Sullivan Cities Berlin | Claremont | Concord | Dover | Franklin | Keene | Laconia | Lebanon | Manchester | Nashua | Portsmouth | Rochester | Somersworth Towns Acworth | Albany | Alexandria | Allenstown | Alstead | Alton | Amherst | Andover | Antrim | Ashland | Atkinson | Auburn | Barnstead | Barrington | Bartlett | Bath | Bedford | Belmont | Bennington | Benton | Bethlehem | Boscawen | Bow | Bradford | Brentwood | Bridgewater | Bristol | Brookfield | Brookline | Campton | Canaan | Candia | Canterbury | Carroll | Center Harbor | Charlestown | Chatham | Chester | Chesterfield | Chichester | Clarksville | Colebrook | Columbia | Conway | Cornish | Croydon | Dalton | Danbury | Danville | Deerfield | Deering | Derry | Dorchester | Dublin | Dummer | Dunbarton | Durham | East Kingston | Easton | Eaton | Effingham | Ellsworth | Enfield | Epping | Epsom | Errol | Exeter | Farmington | Fitzwilliam | Francestown | Franconia | Freedom | Fremont | Gilford | Gilmanton | Gilsum | Goffstown | Gorham | Goshen | Grafton | Grantham | Greenfield | Greenland | Greenville | Groton | Hampstead | Hampton | Hampton Falls | Hancock | Hanover | Harrisville | Hart's Location | Haverhill | Hebron | Henniker | Hill | Hillsborough | Hinsdale | Holderness | Hollis | Hooksett | Hopkinton | Hudson | Jackson | Jaffrey | Jefferson | Kensington | Kingston | Lancaster | Landaff | Langdon | Lee | Lempster | Lincoln | Lisbon | Litchfield | Littleton | Londonderry | Loudon | Lyman | Lyme | Lyndeborough | Madbury | Madison | Marlborough | Marlow | Mason | Meredith | Merrimack | Middleton | Milan | Milford | Milton | Monroe | Mont Vernon | Moultonborough | Nelson | New Boston | Newbury | New Castle | New Durham | Newfields | New Hampton | Newington | New Ipswich | New London | Newmarket | Newport | Newton | Northfield | North Hampton | Northumberland | Northwood | Nottingham | Orange | Orford | Ossipee | Pelham | Pembroke | Peterborough | Piermont | Pittsburg | Pittsfield | Plainfield | Plaistow | Plymouth | Randolph | Raymond | Richmond | Rindge | Rollinsford | Roxbury | Rumney | Rye | Salem | Salisbury | Sanbornton | Sandown | Sandwich | Seabrook | Sharon | Shelburne | South Hampton | Springfield | Stark | Stewartstown | Stoddard | Strafford | Stratford | Stratham | Sugar Hill | Sullivan | Sunapee | Surry | Sutton | Swanzey | Tamworth | Temple | Thornton | Tilton | Troy | Tuftonboro | Unity | Wakefield | Walpole | Warner | Warren | Washington | Waterville Valley | Weare | Webster | Wentworth | Westmoreland | Whitefield | Wilmot | Wilton | Winchester | Windham | Windsor | Wolfeboro | Woodstock Townships Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant | Bean's Grant | Bean's Purchase | Cambridge | Chandler's Purchase | Crawford's Purchase | Cutt's Grant | Dix's Grant | Dixville | Erving's Location | Green's Grant | Hadley's Purchase | Hale's Location | Kilkenny | Livermore  | Low and Burbank's Grant | Martin's Location | Millsfield | Odell | Pinkham's Grant | Sargent's Purchase  | Second College Grant | Success | Thompson and Meserve's Purchase | Wentworth's Location