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For other uses, see Chenier (disambiguation). Chenier or Chénier is a former beach that, through the activities of nature, has become isolated from the sea by a strip of marshes.[1] Chenier is the Louisiana French term for the oak tree belts that mark the distribution of the ridges in the Mississippi Delta region.[2] These are generally freshwater marshes interlaced with bayous and dotted with tree-covered islands, mainly found around south Louisiana.[3] Some of the ridges have been reworked by waves, and several show a blanket of peat growth (indicating a regression of sea level) covered by marine sediments.[2] Oaks and palmettos web file.jpg Oaks and Palmettos by Jerry Sims. This photograph captures the characteristic vegetation of a chenier on the Louisiana Chenier Plain. Cheniers have been found to form from the rearrangement of coarse grained sediment by intertidal algal mats which bind with sediment to create large sandy longitudinal deposits. Cheniers made primarily of shells of the Colorado Delta clam are found in the tidal flats of the Colorado River Delta in northeastern Baja California, Mexico, as well as in Essex, England.[4][5] In Essex, Ground-truthing data demonstrate that the radar profiles accurately delineate the subsurface stratigraphy and sedimentary structure of the cheniers. Interpretation of the radar stratigraphy taken from the radar reflection profiles allows various deposits to be identified. These have resulted from overwashing, overtopping, sedimentation across the whole of a seaward dipping beachface or berm ridge welding onto the upper beachface. Each chenier is characterised by a different spatial arrangement of these four basic depositional units.[5]> The Louisiana Chenier Plain, extending roughly from Sabine Lake to Vermilion Bay along the Gulf Coast, serves critical ecosystem functions, particularly as a wildlife habitat and stopover for migrating birds. As the region was settled, the cheniers were developed preferentially, owing to protection from flooding afforded by the higher elevation. Examples of communities situated on such ridges in the Chenier Plain include Grand Chenier in Cameron Parish and the former settlement of Cheniere Caminada adjacent to Grand Isle, south of New Orleans. The ridges, however, offer insufficient protection from storm surges, thus Cheniere Caminada was completely destroyed by a hurricane in 1893, and Grand Chenier has been devastated by several powerful storms, including Hurricane Audrey, Hurricane Rita, and Hurricane Ike. The photograph, Oaks and Palmetto, by artist, Jerry Sims shows typical chenier vegetation found atop the long narrow ridge of Grand Chenier. References ^ user.camtel.net "Cameron's History" ^ a b "Chenier" ^ www.carencrohighschool.org "Attakapas were first to find parish" ^ M. Kowalewski, KW. Flessa, "Comparative taphonomy and faunal composition of shelly cheniers from northeastern Baja California, Mexico.", Ciencias marinas, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 155-177. 1995. ^ a b [Neal, A., Richards, J. and Pye, K. (2002). Structure and development of shell cheniers in Essex, southeast England, investigated using high frequency ground-penetrating radar. Marine Geology 185, 435-469.] This article has not been added to any categories. Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. (October 2010)