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This article is about the practices and claims of quantum mysticism. For the debate on quantum mind/body dualism, see Quantum mind/body problem. Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (October 2009) Pseudoscientific concepts Claims Quantum mechanics can explain any number of paranormal, spiritual, or mystical claims, especially those associated with claimed psychic abilities Related scientific disciplines Physics, Psychology Year proposed ca. 1970 Original proponents Fritjof Capra Subsequent proponents Deepak Chopra, Amit Goswami, John Hagelin, Nick Herbert, Lawrence LeShan, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Jack Sarfatti, Michael Talbot, Evan Harris Walker, Robert Anton Wilson, Gary Zukav Quantum mysticism refers to a set of metaphysical ideas and associated practices that supposes a consciousness, intelligence, or otherwise mystical component to the experience of existence or reality at the quantum scale.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The term originally emerged from the debates between the founders of quantum theory in the early twentieth century as they debated the interpretations and implications of their nascent theories, which would later evolve into quantum mechanics.[2][7] The essential qualities of the early quantum theory, and the ontological questions that emerged, made the distinction between philosophical and scientific discussion difficult; however, quantum theory developed into a strong scientific theory. Beginning in the 1970s, New Age authors and practitioners began to impute mystical ideas into the physics, which eventually led to associated practices and beliefs, many of which can only be subjectively experienced and are unfalsifiable. As a result of this, many of the mystical claims and related practices of quantum mysticism have been criticized as being either misinterpretations of quantum mechanics or as pseudoscience.[8][9][10] Contents 1 History and origins 1.1 Early foundations 1.2 Emergence 1.3 Development 1.4 Controversy 2 Philosophical claims 3 Practices 4 See also 5 Notes 6 Further reading // History and origins Early foundations In the 1920s, with the inception of early quantum theory, some of its founders, including Erwin Schrödinger,[11] Werner Heisenberg,[12] Wolfgang Pauli,[13] Niels Bohr,[14] and Eugene Wigner, took an active interest in the philosophical implications of their emerging quantum theory. Given that the theory changed the fundamental understanding of physics, the question of how it could be used to explain all observable reality became central to the debate. The question opened gaps in the empirical and scientific explanations of actual reality and human perceived reality. Emergence The initial writers in the field were physicists such as Fritjof Capra. His 1970s bestseller, The Tao of Physics, explored parallels between quantum physics and principles of Eastern mystery. The 1980 book Wholeness and the Implicate Order by David Bohm portrays reality as a unity. Development The 1979 book, The Dancing Wu Li Masters by Gary Zukav, self-confessedly "not a physicist", again included parallels between Eastern mysticism and modern physics. Michael Talbot's The Holographic Universe developed the ideas of David Bohm in relation to the recent Aspect experiment. Medical doctor Deepak Chopra's 1988 book Quantum Healing, explains a theory of mind and body healing using quantum concepts. In 1990, Robert Anton Wilson wrote a book called Quantum Psychology which explains Timothy Leary’s Eight Circuit Model of Consciousness in terms of quantum mysticism.[15] Then, in 1993, Ageless Body, Timeless Mind, by Deepak Chopra, was published and went on to become a New York Times Bestseller. The book discusses specific claims of healing, reverse aging, and immortality by adopting a "quantum worldview" and prescribes specific practices. It sold over two million copies worldwide. The 2004 film What the Bleep Do We Know!? dealt with a range of New Age ideas in relation to physics. It included contributions from two phsyicists and a number of other individuals. Controversy In 1998 Deepak Chopra was awarded the parody Ig Nobel Prize, in the physics category, for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness", referring to his writing on quantum mysticism at the time.[16] The 2004 film What the Bleep Do We Know!? made controversial use of some aspects of quantum mechanics—including the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the observer effect—as well as biology and medicine.[17] The film was largely dismissed by critics as pseudoscience.[18][19] Philosophical claims The practices of quantum mysticism are based on corresponding philosophical interpretations and beliefs about the natural world, particularly at the quantum scale. Writers on quantum mysticism have made such claims[20][21][22][23] as: There is no observer separate from reality. There is no separate reality from the observer. The body is fundamentally made of information and energy and perceived as solid matter. The mind and body are one and the same and are not divisible. Biochemical reactions of the body are a product of awareness. That perception of reality is a learned behavior. That changing thoughts can and do change the body. There is an underlying consciousness or intelligence that connects everyone. Time is a human perception, not a reality. Practices The practices of quantum mysticism are the application of the specific philosophical claims with the intention to bring about or maintain positive change. Quantum healing is a practice claimed to transform and heal the human body by through the deliberate alteration of one's own perception and thoughts. The practice is based on the tenet that the body exists in undetermined states, as determined by the subjective consciousness of the mind. It is also based on the claim that positive outcomes to health can be achieved through directing the individual's subjective perception of reality. See also Interpretation of quantum mechanics Quantum mind/body problem Many-worlds interpretation Paraphysics Quantum evolution (alternative) Quantum immortality Quantum mind Quantum pseudo-telepathy Schrödinger's cat in popular culture Buddhism and science Fritjof Capra Deepak Chopra Stuart Wilde Subhash Kak Fred Alan Wolf Jack Sarfatti John Hagelin Psi (parapsychology) Notes ^ Athearn, D. (1994). Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation (S U N Y Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press. ^ a b Edis, T. (2005). Science and Nonbelief (Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion). New York: Greenwood Press. ^ Stenger, V. J. (2003). Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. ^ Edis, T. (2002). The Ghost in the Universe: God in Light of Modern Science. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. ^ Crease, R. P. (1993). Play of Nature, The (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ^ Seager, W. (1999). Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction (Philosophical Issues in Science). New York: Routledge. ^ Niels Bohr, "Discussion with Einstein," In P.A. Schilpp, ed., Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, p. 235. ^ Pagels, H. R. (1982). The Cosmic Code: Quantum Physics As the Language of Nature. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ^ Nanda, M. (2003). Prophets Facing Backward: Postmodern Critiques of Science and Hindu Nationalism in India. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ^ Scott, A. C. (2007). The Nonlinear Universe: Chaos, Emergence, Life (The Frontiers Collection). New York: Springer. ^ By Michel Bitbol, Olivier Darrigol, Erwin Schrödinger,Institut autrichien de Paris ^ from [1] "Quantum theory has led the physicists far away from the simple materialistic views that prevailed in the natural science of the nineteenth century" Werner Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy, (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, (1962), 128 ^ "I confess, that very different from you, I do find sometimes scientific inspiration in mysticism … but this is counterbalanced by an immediate sense for mathematics." -- W. Pauli, from [2] ^ John Honner (2005). "Niels Bohr and the Mysticism of Nature". Zygon Journal of Science and Religion 17-3: 243–253.  ^ Wilson, Robert Anton - Quantum Psychology 1990 ^ The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Winners ^ What the Bleep are they On About?! Australian Broadcasting Corporation ^ Wilson, Elizabeth (2005-01-13). "What the Bleep Do We Know?!". American Chemical Society. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/reelscience/reviews/whatthe_bleep/. Retrieved 2007-12-19.  ^ "The minds boggle". The Guardian Unlimited ^ Chopra, D. (1993). Ageless Body, Timeless Mind: The Quantum Alternative to Growing Old. Harmony. ISBN 0-517-88212-4 ^ Braden, G. (2005). The God Code. Hay House. ISBN 978-1401903008 ^ Talbot, M. (1992). Holographic Universe. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0060922580 ^ Braden, G. (2008). The Divine Matrix: Bridging Time, Space, Miracles, and Belief. Hay House. ISBN 978-1401905736 Further reading This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (October 2009) The lists in this section may contain items that are not notable, encyclopedic, or helpful. Please help out by removing such elements and incorporating appropriate items into the main body of the article. (October 2009) Publications relating to quantum mysticism Fritjof Capra, The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism, Shamballa, 1975 Deepak Chopra MD, various works including his theory of Quantum healing Amit Goswami, The Self-Aware Universe Lawrence LeShan, The Medium, the Mystic, and the Physicist: Toward a General Theory of the Paranormal, 2003, Helios Press, ISBN 978-1581152739 Jack Sarfatti, 1975, Space-Time and Beyond, with Fred Alan Wolf and Bob Toben, E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-47399-8 Michael Talbot, The Holographic Universe ISBN 0-06-092258-3 Michael Talbot, Mysticism And The New Physics ISBN 0-14-019328-6 Michael Talbot, Beyond The Quantum ISBN 0-553-34480-3 Evan Harris Walker, The Physics of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind and the Meaning of Life ISBN 0738204366 Gary Zukav, The Dancing Wu Li Masters, 1980, ISBN 0-553-26382-X Criticism of quantum mysticism Richard H. Jones, Science and Mysticism: A Comparative Study of Western Natural Science, Theravada Buddhism, and Advaita Vedanta (Bucknell University Press, 1986), ISBN 0108387500931 (Paperback ed., 2008), criticism from both the scientific and mystical points of view Richard H. Jones, Piercing the Veil: Comparing Science and Mysticism as Ways of Knowing Reality (Jackson Square Books, 2010), ISBN 9781439266823 Michael Shermer, "Quantum Quackery", Scientific American, January 2005 [3] Victor J. Stenger, The Unconscious Quantum: Metaphysics in Modern Physics and Cosmology, (Prometheus Books, 1995), ISBN 1-57392-022-3, an anti-mystical point-of-view Victor J. Stenger, "Quantum quackery", Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 21. No. 1, January/February 1997, p. 37ff, criticism of the book "The Self-Aware Universe"