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Exanthem Classification and external resources rubella ICD-10 A38., B05.-B09. ICD-9 034, 055-057, 782.1 DiseasesDB 25831 MeSH D005076 An exanthem (from Greek "exanthema", a breaking out[1]) is a widespread rash usually occurring in children. Exanthems can be caused by toxins or drugs, microorganisms, or can result from autoimmune disease. It can be contrasted with an enanthem. Contents 1 Types 2 Prevention 3 See also 4 References 5 External links // Types Historically, six "classical" infectious childhood exanthems have been recognized,[2] four of which are viral. Numbers were provided in 1905.[3] The four viral exanthema have much in common, and are often studied together as a class. They include: Name Number Virus measles (rubeola) "first disease" measles virus rubella, identified in 1881.[4] "third disease" rubella virus erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896.[5] "fifth disease" parvovirus B19 roseola infantum "sixth disease" HHV-6 and HHV-7 Scarlet fever, or "second disease", is associated with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. (Measles and scarlet fever were distinguished in the 17th century.[4]) Fourth disease, a condition whose existence is not widely accepted today, was described in 1900.[4] Many other common viruses apart from the ones mentioned above can also produce an exanthem as part of their presentation, though they are not considered part of the classic numbered list: VZV (chickenpox or shingles) rhinovirus (the common cold) unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood) Some types of Viral Haemorrhagic Fever are also known to produce a systemic rash of this kind during the progression of the disease. Tick borne illnesses like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever produce a rash that may become extensive enough so as to be classified as exanthemous in as many as 90% of children with the disease.[6] Prevention Vaccinations now exist against measles, rubella and chickenpox.[7] See also List of cutaneous conditions References ^ "Roseola Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com". http://www.medicinenet.com/roseola/glossary.htm.  ^ Drago F, Rampini E, Rebora A (August 2002). "Atypical exanthems: morphology and laboratory investigations may lead to an aetiological diagnosis in about 70% of cases". Br. J. Dermatol. 147 (2): 255–60. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04826.x. PMID 12174095. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0007-0963&date=2002&volume=147&issue=2&spage=255.  ^ fifth disease at Dorland's Medical Dictionary ^ a b c Weisse ME (January 2001). "The fourth disease, 1900-2000". Lancet 357 (9252): 299–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0. PMID 11214144. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(00)03623-0.  ^ Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/30/science/the-doctor-s-world.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2009-11-07.  ^ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/r/rr5504.pdf ^ Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. (2005). Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology). Mosby Elsevier. p. 700. ISBN 0-323-03303-2.  External links Overview at About.com Definition at MedTerms Differential diagnosis Dermatology Quiz Includes photo, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE). v • d • e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal wart · callus · seborrheic keratosis · acrochordon · molluscum contagiosum · actinic keratosis · squamous cell carcinoma · basal cell carcinoma · merkel cell carcinoma · nevus sebaceous · trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles · lentigo · melasma · nevus · melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous epidermal inclusion cyst · hemangioma · dermatofibroma · keloid · lipoma · neurofibroma · xanthoma · Kaposi's sarcoma · infantile digital fibromatosis · granular cell tumor · leiomyoma · lymphangioma circumscriptum · myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous contact dermatitis · atopic dermatitis · seborrheic dermatitis · stasis dermatitis · lichen simplex chronicus · Darier's disease · glucagonoma syndrome · langerhans cell histiocytosis · lichen sclerosus · pemphigus foliaceus · Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome · Zinc deficiency Scaling psoriasis · tinea (corporis · cruris · pedis · manuum · faciei) · pityriasis rosea · secondary syphillis · mycosis fungoides · systemic lupus erythematosus · pityriasis rubra pilaris · parapsoriasis · ichthyosis Blistering herpes simplex · herpes zoster · varicella · bullous impetigo · acute contact dermatitis · pemphigus vulgaris · bullous pemphigoid · dermatitis herpetiformis · porphyria cutanea tarda · epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular scabies · insect bite reactions · lichen planus · miliaria · keratosis pilaris · lichen spinulosus · transient acantholytic dermatosis · lichen nitidus · pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular acne vulgaris · acne rosacea · folliculitis · impetigo · candidiasis · gonococcemia · dermatophyte · coccidioidomycosis · subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented tinea versicolor · vitiligo · pityriasis alba · postinflammatory hyperpigmentation · tuberous sclerosis · idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis · leprosy · hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized drug eruptions · viral exanthems · toxic erythema · systemic lupus erythematosus Localized cellulitis · abscess · boil · erythema nodosum · carcinoid syndrome · fixed drug eruption Specialized urticaria · erythema (multiforme · migrans · gyratum repens · annulare centrifugum · ab igne) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular thrombocytopenic purpura · actinic purpura Papular disseminated intravascular coagulation · vasculitis Indurated scleroderma/morphea · granuloma annulare · lichen sclerosis et atrophicus · necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair telogen effluvium · androgenic alopecia · trichotillomania · alopecia areata · systemic lupus erythematosus · tinea capitis · loose anagen syndrome · lichen planopilaris · folliculitis decalvans · acne keloidalis nuchae Nail onychomycosis · psoriasis · paronychia · ingrown nail Mucous membrane aphthous stomatitis · oral candidiasis · lichen planus · leukoplakia · pemphigus vulgaris · mucous membrane pemphigoid · cicatricial pemphigoid · herpesvirus · coxsackievirus · syphilis · systemic histoplasmosis · squamous cell carcinoma v • d • e Infectious skin disease: Viral cutaneous conditions, including viral exanthema (B00–B09, 050–059) DNA virus Herpesviridae Alpha HSV (Herpes simplex, Herpetic whitlow, Herpes gladiatorum, Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, Herpetic sycosis, Neonatal herpes simplex, Herpes genitalis, Herpes labialis, Eczema herpeticum, Herpetiform esophagitis) · Herpes B virus (B virus infection) VZV (Chickenpox, Herpes zoster, Herpes zoster oticus, Ophthalmic zoster, Disseminated herpes zoster, Zoster-associated pain, Inflammatory skin lesions following zoster infection, Modified varicella-like syndrome) Beta Human herpesvirus 6/Roseolovirus (Exanthema subitum, Roseola vaccinia) Cytomegalic inclusion disease Gamma KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma) Poxviridae Ortho Variola (Smallpox, Eczema vaccinatum, Alastrim) · MoxV (Monkeypox) · CV (Cowpox) · VV (Vaccinia, Generalized vaccinia, Progressive vaccinia) Buffalopox Para Farmyard pox: Milker's nodule · Bovine papular stomatitis · Pseudocowpox · Orf Sealpox Other Yatapoxvirus: Tanapox · Yaba monkey tumor virus MCV (Molluscum contagiosum) Papillomaviridae HPV (Wart/Plantar wart, Heck's disease, Genital wart (giant), Laryngeal papillomatosis, Butcher's wart, Bowenoid papulosis, Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Verruca plana, Pigmented wart, Verrucae palmares et plantares ) BPV (Equine sarcoid) Parvoviridae Parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosum, Reticulocytopenia, Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome) RNA virus Paramyxoviridae MeV (Measles) Togaviridae Rubella virus (Rubella, Congenital rubella syndrome) · Alphavirus infection · Chikungunya fever Picornaviridae CAV (Hand, foot and mouth disease, Herpangina) · FMDV (Foot-and-mouth disease) · Boston exanthem disease Ungrouped unknown/multiple: Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood · Post-vaccination follicular eruption · Lipschütz ulcer · Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis · Viral-associated trichodysplasia · Gianotti–Crosti syndrome M: VIR virs (prot) cutn/syst (hppv, hiva, infl, zost, zoon), epon drugJ(dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc) M: INT, SF, LCT anat/phys/devp noco(i,b,d,q,u,r,p,k,c,v)/cong/tumr(n,e,d), sysi/epon proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8) This dermatology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e