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Jagdgeschwader 4 Active 1944–1945 Country Nazi Germany Branch Air Force Type Fighter Aircraft Role Air superiority Size Air Force Wing Commanders Notable commanders Gerhard Schöpfel (15.6.44 - 6.8.44) Jagdgeschwader 4 (JG 4) was a Luftwaffe fighter-wing of World War II. JG 4 was formed as a full Geschwader on June 15, 1944 in Ansbach from Stab/Jagdgeschwader z.b.V. and its first Geschwaderkommodore was Major Gerhard Schöpfel. I./JG 4 was formed earlier in August 7, 1942 in Mizil, Romania from the Ölschutzstaffel/JG 77, with 2./JG 4 formed December 1, 1942. Stab I, 3. and 4./JG 4 were formed on January 10, 1943 at Mizil, and the I Gruppe was now complete. II. Gruppe was formed in July 1944 at Salzwedel from I./ZG1 and partially from Sturmstaffel 1. III. Gruppe was formed in July 1944 at Rotenburg from III./ZG1. IV./JG 4 was formed on October 20, 1944 at Finsterwalde from II./JG 5. I./JG 4 was assigned in early 1943 as defensive protection of the Mizil and Ploesti Oil complexes in Romania, and saw action against the USAAF 15th Air Force heavy bombers flying from bases in North Africa and Italy. The unit was later deployed to the defence of Rome and northern Italy. I./JG 4 first saw action in combat against a strike force of B-24 Liberators dispatched on the celebrated low level attack against Ploesti on 1 August 1943 as Operation “Tidal Wave”. Stab and I./JG 4 claimed twelve B-24 bombers shot down. JG 4 was then deployed in the German defensive campaign in Italy during the first half of 1944, prior to being shifted to the France for the Normandy invasion. Over the Lake Bracciano area on 7 May 1944, I./ JG4 encountered Spitfires of No. 72 Squadron, who claimed nine Bf 109's shot down; I gruppe lost 4 killed and 2 wounded in the action.[1] During their Italian campaign, I./JG 4 lost 40 men killed or missing, 26 wounded, and 7 taken prisoner.[2] JG 4 were then withdrawn after heavy losses back to the Reich in September 1944. 4./JG 4 was the Rumanian Staffel Escadrilla 53, which left again in December 1943. A new 4./JG 4 was formed in June 1944. In September 1944 2./JG 4 and 8./JG 53 exchanged designations. I./JG 4 was disbanded on March 19 1945. Contents 1 Sturmgruppen 1944 2 Commanding officers 2.1 Geschwaderkommodore 2.2 Gruppenkommandeure 2.2.1 I./JG 4 2.2.2 II./JG 4 2.2.3 III./JG 4 2.2.4 IV./JG 4 3 See also 4 References 5 External links // Sturmgruppen 1944 Jagdgeschwader 4 became one of only three Luftwaffe geschwader to operate the specialised 'bomber-killer' gruppen designated Sturmgruppe. II./JG 4 Sturmgruppe was formed on July 12, 1944 at Salzwedel from I./Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1) and from elements of Major Günter von Kornatzki's Sturmstaffel 1. The gruppe was equipped with the modified and heavily armoured FW 190A-8/R2. While the heavily armoured fighters proved effective against the heavy bombers of the USAAF, they proved vulnerable to the numerous escort fighters and hence suffered heavy losses. In common with other fighter units engaged in Reichsverteidigung operations the Geschwader were sported unique coloured markings in mid 1944. JG 4's marking was a black-white-black band on the rear fuselage. On 11 September 1944 II.(Sturm) and III. Gruppen intercepted a USAAF bombing raid near Chemnitz. Attacking the 100th and 95th Bomb Groups the geschwader claimed some 13 destroyed bombers. Intercepted by the 339th and 55th Fighter Groups JG 4 was severely mauled, and lost 21 pilots killed during the mission. From November 1944 onwards the Geschwader, operating from Frankfurt took heavy losses flying against the Allied air offensive. During Operation Bodenplatte on 1 January 1945 JG 4, along with all other units taking part, again took very heavy losses. Tasked with an attack on Le Culot airfield, I, II and IV gruppen were hit by heavy anti-aircraft fire and the massed formation became scattered and therefore impossible to co-ordinate an effective attack, with no aircraft locating or attacking their intended objective. With nearly half the participating aircraft lost, JG 4 suffered the highest percentage losses of all the units taking part in the operation. By late January 1945 JG 4 was deployed in Guben-Jüterbog until the end of the war in May. On 21 January 1945 the four gruppen of JG 4 were switched to Luftlotte 6 on the Eastern Front and pitchforked wholesale into ground-attack missions, for which the unit was ill-equipped and pilots untrained. Although nearly 400 vehicles were claimed destroyed, losses for the month inevitably emasculated to some 57 aircraft lost, with 26 pilots killed or missing and 14 wounded.[3] JG 4 flew their last sorties against the Soviet armies and air forces around Berlin. In late April 1945 the unit withdrew to the Schleswig-Holstein area and disbanded on 8 May 1945. Commanding officers Geschwaderkommodore Major Gerhard Schöpfel, 15 June 1944 – 6 August 1944 Oberstleutnant Gerhard Michalski, 7 August 1944 – 8 May 1945 Gruppenkommandeure I./JG 4 Hauptmann Franz Hahn, 10 January 1943 – 22 January 1944 Hauptmann Wilhelm Steinmann, 23January 1944 – 14 February 1944 Hauptmann Walter Hoeckner, 15 February 1944 – 25 August 1944 Hauptmann Wilhelm Steinmann, 26 August 1944 – March 1945 II./JG 4 Oberleutnantt Hans-Günther von Kornatzki, 12 July 1944 – 12 September 1944 Major Rudolf Schröder, 13 September 1944 – March 1945 Major Wilhelm Moritz, March 1945 – 8 May 1945 III./JG 4 Hauptmann Friedrich Eberle, 12 July 1944 – 8 January 1945 Hauptmann Gerhard Strasen, 9 January 1945 – 8 May 1945 IV./JG 4 Hauptmann Franz Wienhusen, 20 October 1944 – 3 December 1944 Hauptmann Ernst Laube, 19 December 1944 – 3 April 1945 See also Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II References ^ 'Those Other Eagles', Christopher Shores, 2004 ^ 'Storming the Bombers', Erik Mombeeck, ASBL, 2009 ^ The Last Year for the Luftwaffe, Alfred Price, page 142 External links JG 4 @ Lexikon der Wehrmacht v • d • e Jagdgeschwader (fighter wings) of the Wehrmacht Luftwaffe Named and numbered 1 "Oesau" · 2 "Richthofen" · 3 "Udet" · 5 "Eismeer" · 6 "Horst Wessel" · 7 "Nowotny" · 26 "Schlageter" · 27 "Afrika" · 51 "Mölders" · 53 "Pik As" · 54 "Grünherz" · 77 "Herz As" · 134 "Horst Wessel" · 142 "Horst Wessel" · 234 "Schlageter" Numbered only 4 · 11 · 20 · 21 · 25 · 28 · 50 · 52 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 76 · 80 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 141 · 143 · 144 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 331 · 333 · 334 · 400 · 433 Training 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 Special Jagdgeschwader z.b.V.